Climate 411

We urgently need pollution limits for hydrogen facilities

A hydrogen center in Germany. 

The Environmental Protection Agency has now finalized a wide array of standards to protect people and the climate from dangerous pollution. Those standards cover some of the largest polluting sectors in the U.S., including oil and gas production, power plants, and cars and trucks.

But there’s another source of dangerous pollution that still isn’t subject to air pollution limits. With a projected doubling of hydrogen production over the next decade, we need protective standards that will ensure any growth in this industry doesn’t exacerbate public health and environmental harms. Luckily, EPA recently announced that it plans to do just that (see page 539).

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Posted in Greenhouse Gas Emissions, News, Policy / Leave a comment

Electrifying Medium and Heavy-Duty Vehicles: A Critical Step Towards Environmental Justice in North Carolina

As the impacts of climate change reveal themselves to North Carolinians in the form of heat, flooding, wildfires, drought, and increasingly intense and more frequent tropical storms, the case for urgent action to combat climate change is strengthening. Our state has made important strides, setting vehicle electrification goals and power sector emissions reductions directives, but new data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shows that levels of greenhouse gasses in our atmosphere continued a steady climb in 2023, nonetheless, underscoring that our efforts to reduce emissions from all sources must be tackled with urgency.

One significant source of emissions — medium and heavy-duty vehicles (MHDV) like trucks and buses — is an area of important focus. We know from a 2022 study that, despite constituting only 6.5% of on-road vehicles in North Carolina, MHDVs are responsible for a staggering 34.5% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within the transportation sector. Adopting clean transportation policies for MHDVs can make a big difference toward reaching the state’s climate goals and could have a positive impact on North Carolina’s economy — netting nearly $118 billion in health, climate and economic savings over a 25-year period.

And now, in a new analysis, we have further knowledge to inform MHDV policies in the state. Beyond the environmental perspective, there is the human impact that we’ve suspected was significant, and now have data to confirm a disproportionate health burden on marginalized North Carolina communities. This new analysis takes a closer look at localized impacts, examining the communities most affected by MHDV emissions, and exploring the potential health benefits of implementing strong policies to reduce pollution from this sector.

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Posted in Cars and Pollution, Cities and states, Policy / Leave a comment

Financing Solutions for Slow Onset Climate Challenges: Drawing on Nature’s Untapped Potential

Protecting and restoring mangrove forests are cost-effective nature-based solutions to buffer coastlines from the impacts of climate change. Photo: Environmental Defense Fund

By Juan Pablo Hoffmaister, Associate Vice President, Global Climate Cooperation and Zach Cohen, Senior Analyst, Global Climate Cooperation 

Climate change isn’t just about sudden disasters. Creeping issues like biodiversity loss, rising sea levels, and desertification are slowly reshaping our world, often relegated to the background in the face of more immediate climate emergencies.  

These long-term challenges are known as slow onset events (SOEs). They place new pressures on communities to adapt through measures such as disaster preparedness, while also leading to losses and damages (L&D) the impacts of climate change which occur despite mitigation and adaptation efforts. 

While the international community has made important progress to address the impacts of SOEs – including launching a new Loss and Damage fund to assist vulnerable countries in preparing for and responding to SOEs – the reality is that financing for slow onset events remains severely lacking. Many countries are struggling to secure the resources needed to address these monumental environmental dilemmas.  

In order to prioritize tomorrow’s issues today, we must rapidly scale up finance to tackle SOEs. The L&D fund will play a key role on this front – it recently held its first board meeting, and as it gears up to provide financing to those in need, it must do so in a way that optimizes public resources to maximize impact and leverages the solutions already provided by nature. 

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How to improve soil modeling to maximize climate and farm benefits

Credit: Zoran Zeremski/iStock

Efforts to curb agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and increase soil carbon storage are picking up steam to help mitigate the impacts of climate change. To have maximum impact, we need ways to reliably quantify their outcomes. 

Direct measurement of the impacts of climate smart agricultural practices are imperative to instill confidence, but they aren’t forward-looking and can’t be done everywhere. Enter the use of process-based models (e.g., DNDC, DayCent) to estimate these changes more rapidly and across broader areas.  

Process-based models are useful tools, but they have limitations, and many researchers and practitioners remain uncertain about how to use them most effectively. Yet, while skepticism in their accuracy remains a challenge, interest in them is skyrocketing, making it even more important that the community work together on their improvement.  

A new report led by Environmental Defense Fund digs into how carbon project developers and companies are using process-based models across projects to explore current challenges, identify knowledge gaps and recommend improvements.  

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Posted in Agriculture, Innovation, News, Science / Read 1 Response

Multilateral Development Banks Must Turn Words into Action on Climate Finance

Shoreline protection in Bangladesh. IMF Photo/K M Asad 2021 via Flickr (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

By Angela Churie Kallhauge, Executive Vice President, Impact  

Addressing our planet’s climate crisis requires commitment, cooperation, and urgency – all underpinned by finance. But our international financial systems were not designed for a challenge of this scale, and we are falling behind in meeting the needs of developing countries in combatting climate change. 

In response to this challenge, the World Bank, the world’s largest multilateral development bank (MDB), adopted a reform agenda last year to become more fit-for-purpose, by providing countries with easier access to money to face the climate crisis. Other MDBs are pursuing similar transformations. 

We now need to ramp up the implementation of these reforms over the coming year. In November, the world will convene in Azerbaijan for the UN Climate Conference, COP29, to set a new target for climate finance. And unless we know how these reforms will allow MDBs to deliver and mobilize money where it’s needed most, the new finance goal may fall flat.  

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Posted in Climate Finance, Economics / Tagged , , | Comments are closed

Strong scientific foundations, as well as strong science-based markets, make successful nature-based climate solutions possible

Forester examines trees

Daniel Balakov, iStock

This post is authored by Brian Buma, Senior Climate Scienist, Environmental Defense Fund.

Nature is vital to our success in fighting climate change and its real-world impacts. To unlock nature’s climate potential, we need investments to go to impactful nature-based climate solutions (NbCS), which refer to strategies to conserve, restore or improve the management of natural and working ecosystems for their climate benefits.

However, in a research paper recently published by myself and others, we found markets for NbCS were getting ahead of the science. In particular, we found many NbCS where carbon crediting was proposed or implemented had questionable scientific foundations.

We need NbCS to work, and we’re spending tens of millions in the hopes they do. Yet as our study shows, questions remain on how we can achieve the best ground-level outcomes and maximize the enormous potential of these solutions to lower greenhouse gas concentrations.

To illustrate how NbCS can work successfully, we need to look at science and implementation and understand how these two key components are different, but also interconnected.

Let’s start by thinking about your car.

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Posted in Carbon Markets, Forest protection, Science / Comments are closed